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понедельник, 16 февраля 2015 г.

Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groupsand populations from Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on relevant studies, the samples are taken from individuals identified by linguistic designation (AA=Afroasiatic, KS=Khoisan, NS=Nilo-Saharan and NC=Niger–Congo). The table below's third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of the particular haplogroup.
PopulationLanguage groupnABE1aE1b1aE1b1bE2JR1bTReference
Afro-Asiatic[nb 1]Afro-Asiatic(AA)2365.53.80.43.334.80.819.520.83.8Wood 2005[1]
AlurNilotic (NS)9220011067000Wood 2005[1]
Amhara(Ethiopia)Semitic (AA)4814.62.10-35.4033.304.2Hassan 2008[2]
BamilekeBantoid (NC)8500010000000Luis 2004[3]
Bantus(Gabon)Bantu (NC)7950.56.70.279.40.16.205.50Berniell 2009[4]
Bantus(Kenya)Bantu (NC)2913.83.4051.713.717.2000Hurles 2005[5]
Bantus(Tanzania)[nb 2]Bantu (NC)1102.79.1-48.221.816.4001.8[3][6]
Bantus (South Africa)[nb 3]Southern Bantu (NC)1375.110.9054.74.421.2000Wood 2005[1]
Bantus(South-Eastern)Bantu (NC)3435.016.3--66.21.510.2--0--Naidoo 2010[7]
BejaCushitic (AA)424.800052.4038.14.80Hassan 2008[2]
Benin (Fon)Gbe (NC)1000009505000Luis 2004[3]
BerbersBerber (AA)643025800600Cruciani2002[8]
Burkina Faso[nb 4]Niger–Congo(NC)10600.93.881.12.811.3000Cruciani2002[8]
BurungeCushitic (AA)24025--433--------Tishkoff 2007[6]
Cameroon(North)[nb 5]Adamawa(NC)721.412.54.254.200027.80Cruciani2002[8]
Cameroon(North)[nb 6]Chadic (AA)541.83.7013.03.77.4070.40Cruciani2002[8]
Cameroon(South)[nb 7]Bantoid (NC)8905.6093.30001.10Cruciani2002[8]
R.D. Congo(East)[nb 8]Bantu (NC)362.80063.913.919.4000Wood 2005[1]
Copts(Sudanese)Arabic (AA)33015.20021.2045.515.2-Hassan 2008[2]
Cross River(Nigeria)Cross River(NC)11130----87----000Veeramah2010[9]
DatogNilotic (NS)3533--1154--------Tishkoff 2007[6]
DinkaNilotic (NS)26622300150000Hassan 2008[2]
DogonDogon (NC)551.87.345.543.601.8000Wood 2005[1]
EthiopiansAfro-Asiatic(AA)24217.80.80-48.80.426.903.7Moran 2004[10]
Ethiopian JewsCushitic (AA)2241000500505Cruciani2002[8]
Fulbe[nb 9]Senegambian(NC)375.4029.748.6--00--8.1Cruciani2002[8]
Fulbe (Sudan)Senegambian(NC)26000034.60053.80Hassan 2008[2]
Fulbe(Nigeria)Senegambian(NC)21-------0-Cruciani2010[11]
FurFur (NS)3231.33.10059.406.300Hassan 2008[2]
Ghana[nb 10]Kwa (NC)91002.292.31.1001.10Wood 2005[1]
HadzaHadza(Isolate/KS)80057.5-26.215.0----Tishkoff 2007[6]
Hausa (Sudan)Chadic (AA)3212.515.6012.53.10040.60Hassan 2008[2]
HemaNortheast Bantu (NC)18602.2282839000Wood 2005[1]
Hutu (Rwanda)Northeast Bantu (NC)690408338010Luis 2004[3]
Igbo[nb 11]Volta–Niger(NC)209A3b2=0--89.3--0-0Veeramah 2010[9]
IraqwCushitic (AA)9022011560000Wood 2005[1]
Khoisan[nb 12]Khoisan (KS)9047.714.4024.46.72.21.100Wood 2005[1]
KhoisanKhoisan (KS)18344.311.5023.016.41.601.60Naidoo 2010[7]
Khoisan(South Africa)[nb 13]Khoisan (KS)12933.312.4035.714.73.9000Tishkoff 2007[6]
Kikuyu &KambaNortheast Bantu (NC)4222073190000Wood 2005[1]
ǃKungNorthern Khoisan (KS)64368039116000Cruciani2002[8]
LuoNilotic (NS)9112206600000Wood 2005[1]
MaasaiNilotic (NS)26278016500000Wood 2005[1]
MalagasyMalayo-Polynesian3508.6034.308.65.7-0O=34.3%[5]
MandinkaMande (NC)395337983000Wood 2005[1]
MasalitMaban (NS)3218.83.10071.906.300Hassan 2008[2]
MossiGur (NC)4902--902--------Tishkoff 2007[6]
Namibia(Nama)Khoikhoi (KS)11640018900-0Wood 2005[1]
NandeNortheast Bantu (NC)1800010000000Wood 2005[1]
Niger–Congo[nb 14]Niger–Congo(NC)7052.79.64.568.23.96.90.11.40Wood 2005[1]
Nilo-Saharan[nb 15]Nilo-Saharan9112.135.2029.714.38.8000Wood 2005[1]
Nilo-Saharan[nb 16]Nilo-Saharan34523.217.4--9.933.92.66.1----See [nb 17]
NubiansNubian(NS),Arabic(AA)3907.70023.1043.610.30Hassan 2008[2]
NubaNuba (NS)2846.414.30039.30000Hassan 2008[2]
NuerNilotic (NS)1233.3500016.70000Hassan 2008[2]
Oromo(Ethiopia)Cushitic (AA)7810.31.30-62.81.33.805.1Hassan 2008[2]
OuldemeChadic (AA)13-------95.5-Cruciani2010[11]
Pygmy (Mbuti)Central Sudanic (NS)4725903404000Wood 2005[1]
Pygmy(Western)[nb 18]Niger–Congo(NC)60553.3-28.30-03.30Berniell 2009[4]
SandaweSandawe (tentative/KS)68414-4334----Tishkoff 2007[6]
SenegaleseNiger–Congo(NC)139005.081.36.52.9000Hassan 2008[2]
ShillukNilotic (NS)1553.326.700200000Hassan 2008[2]
Shuwa ArabsArabic (AA)5-------40-Cruciani2010[11]
SomalisCushitic (AA)2010.51.001.581.10.53.0R1a=110.4Sanchez2005[12]
South African WhitesIndo-European157000.60.69.603.851.6--Others=33.8[7]
Sudan(Arabs)[nb 19]Semitic (AA)1022.900016.7047.115.70Hassan 2008[2]
South Sudan(Nilotic)[nb 20]Nilotic (NS)8150.624.70024.700-0Hassan 2008[2]
West Sudan(Darfur)[nb 21]Nilo-Saharan(NS)9027.82.20062.204.4-0Hassan 2008[2]
Tuareg(Burkina Faso)[nb 22]Tuareg (AA)38--016.777.80-0-Pereira 2010[13]
Tuareg(Mali)[nb 23]Tuareg (AA)21--09.190.90-0-Pereira 2010[13]
Tuareg(Niger)[nb 24]Tuareg (AA)31--044.416.70-33.3-Pereira 2010[13]
Tutsi (Rwanda)Northeast Bantu (NC)9401508014000Luis 2004[3]
WolofSenegambian(NC)340012.068.012.03.000-Wood 2005[1]
YorubaVolta–Niger(NC)130809200000Tishkoff 2007[6]
XhosaSouthern Bantu (NC)8055054528000Wood 2005[1]
ZuluSouthern Bantu (NC)29320055021000Wood 2005[1]

See also

Notes

  1. Jump up^ Afroasiatic from: Ethiopia, Cameroon, Egypt, Tunisia.
  2. Jump up^ Tanzania: Turu, Mbugwe, Wairak, Sukuma.
  3. Jump up^ South Africa: Sotho–Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu.
  4. Jump up^ Burkina Faso ethnic groups: Mossi, Rimaibe, Fulbe.
  5. Jump up^ Adamawa Cameroon: Fali, Tali, mixed.
  6. Jump up^ Chadic Cameroon: Ouldeme, Daba, mixed.
  7. Jump up^ Southern Cameroon: Bamileke, Ewondo, Bakaka.
  8. Jump up^ RDC: Nande, Hema.
  9. Jump up^ Fulbe from Burkina Faso and Cameroon.
  10. Jump up^ Ghana: Ewe, Ga, Fante.
  11. Jump up^ Calculated by averaging the haplogroup frequencies of the IG-C (Calabar), IG-E (Enugu) and IG-N (Nenwe) Igbo samples (see Table 1) in Table 4.
  12. Jump up^ Khoisan: !Kung/Sekele, Tsumkwe San, Dama, Nama.
  13. Jump up^ Khoisan from South Africa: Khwe, !Kung, and mixed.
  14. Jump up^ Niger–Congo from: Gambia, Senegal, Mali, Ghana, Cameroon, CAR, DRC, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
  15. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharan: Alur, Mbuti (R.D.Congo), Massai, Luo (Kenya). Clade was exclusively carried by the Maasai amongst the Nilo-Saharan speakers - Appendix A
  16. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharan: 14 populations from R.D.Congo, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Cameroon
  17. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharans in Wood 2005, Hassan 2008, Tishkoff 2007 and Cruciani 2002
  18. Jump up^ Pygmies: Baka, Bakola.
  19. Jump up^ Northern Sudan: Gaalien, Meseria, Arakien.
  20. Jump up^ South Sudan: Dinka, Shilluk, Nuer.
  21. Jump up^ Western Sudan: Fur, Masalit, Borgu. Clade introduced from North Africa. High frequencies likely due to a population bottleneck.
  22. Jump up^ Tgor: Tuareg from Burkina Faso, around the village of Gorom-Gorom.
  23. Jump up^ Tgos: Tuareg from Mali, near Gossi.
  24. Jump up^ Ttan: Tuareg from Niger, in the vicinity of Tanut.

References

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Wood, Elizabeth T et al 2005 Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes; also Appendix A
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Hassan, Hisham Y. et al. 2008 Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e J. R. Luis et al 2004, The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Berniell-Lee, Gemma et al 2009 Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b Hurles, Matthew E. et al 2005, The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Tishkoff, Sarah A. et al 2007 History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Naidoo, Thijessen et al 2010, Development of a single base extension method to resolve Y chromosome haplogroups in sub-Saharan African populations
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Cruciani, Fulvio et al 2002, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes
  9. ^ Jump up to:a b Veeramah, Krishna R; et al. (2010). "Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 92. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-92.PMC 2867817. PMID 20356404. Retrieved 2010-09-16. & Supplementary material
  10. Jump up^ Moran CN et al 2004, Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b c Cruciani et al. 2010, Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages
  12. Jump up^ Sánchez, Juan J et al 2005, High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c Pereira, Luísa et al. (2010), Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel &Supplementary Material SM7

External links

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