These two intermediary pigmented or hybrid(Mediterranean and Nordic cross) types primarily correspond to Deniker's "North-Western" sub-Atlanto-Mediterranean type, which Bertil Lundman copied from and re-dubbed "Nord-Atlantid"(North-Atlantic) and can also be associated with Coon's UP's/Brunns which he himself later placed back into Deniker's "North-Western" category in his later work(Races, Study of the problems of Race formation in man, 1950).
From the book, "Physical Anthropology of Ireland" (Harvard University Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology Papers, Volume 30)
by Earnest Albert Hooton & C. Wesley Dupertius
Keltic Type(intermediary)
Physical characteristics:
The Keltic type is the second oldest in Ireland 3.36 years above the mean age. The type is 0.60 pounds below mean Irish weight, but does not deviate significantly from average stature. The thoracic index in this type is significantly high, because the chest is deep relative to its width. It is exceeded in this index only by the small Pure Mediterranean group. Head circumference is markedly low since head breadth is meager and head length, although large, fall below the of the numerically strong Nordic Mediterranean type. The cephalic index 76.59 is the minimum for Irish types. Head height is lower than that of any other type save only the Pure Mediterranean. The length-height index is next to the Irish minimum, while the breadth-height index is significantly high although exceeded by two Nordic types and the Nordic Mediterranean type. The forehead is very narrow and the front-parietal index high. The bizygomatic diameter is depressed, but significantly higher that the average values found in the Nordic types. The cephalo-facial index is higher that that of any other type save only the Nordic Mediterranean. The bigonial diameter is somewhat low and the front-gonial index is highest for Ireland. The gonial index is moderately elevated. The high facial index 91,1 is exceeded only by that of the Predominantly Nordic type. The upper face is particularly long. The upper facial index average demonstrates that this type has relatively the longest and narrowest upper face. Noses are a trifle long, probably in part an effect of advanced mean age and also they are a trifle broader that average. Thus the nasal index is also a little above average.
The Keltic type is very light-skinned, although exceeded in this respect by the three blond types. It falls below these types only in pronounced vascularity. The type is relatively low in freckling and also has fewer moles. All kinds of hair form occur, with low waves in the modal position. However, the Keltics present the strongest assemblage of straight-haired individuals to be found in any Irish type, save the Pure Nordic. Baldness and graying of head and beard are excessive in this type doubtless because of the high average age. The modal hair color (46.9%) is flat brown, but a strong minority (39.7%) has dark brown hair, and red-haired contingent amounts to 5.7%. In darkness of hair pigmentation, this type is exceeded only by the small group of Pure Mediterranean's and by the large Nordic Mediterranean group.
All Keltics have pure blue or gray-blue eyes. Almost 54 per cent of Irish blue eyes belong to members of this Keltic type, although the type constitutes only 25.3% of the Irish type series. Irises with scalloped patterns reach their Irish maximum and clear irises are greatly in excess. External eye folds are slightly more that ordinarily common in this type. Upward slant of the eyes slits is more frequent in the Keltic type than in any other except the Pure Mediterranean. Variations from medium height of eye openings, when they occur at all, are low more that is ordinarily common, but these are not characteristics. This type has a higher percentage of persons with pronounced brow ridges that any other Irish morphological type. Foreheads incline toward the more sloping forms. Nasal depressions tend to be deep; straight nasal profiles slightly exceeded the convex form. Membranous lips are rather more than ordinarily thin. Teeth loss, wear, face shortening by tooth wear, and caries are at the maxima in these Keltics, but, reasonably, this condition must be attributed to the high mean age of the type. The Keltic type is average in frontal projection of the molars and is high in medium lateral projection. Gonial angles are infrequently prominent. Hollowness of the temporal region is a distinct feature as is also marked occipital protrusion. Although lambdoid flatting occurs in nearly three-fourths of the Keltics, this feature is less common in the Keltic morphological type that in any other. Occipital flattening is relatively infrequent.
*Special thanks to Visigodo of Stirpes.
Nordic-Mediterranean Type:
Physical characteristics.
The Nordic Mediterranean type is 0.60 years above mean age, ranking third. It is virtually at the all-Irish mean of weight, and, in fact, nearly average in most bodily dimensions.
The chest index is somewhat elevated, signifying a relatively deep and narrow thorax. However, the Keltic type exhibits this feature in a much more pronounced degree. The longest heads in Ireland are found in this Nordic Mediterranean type. Head breadth, though narrow, exceeds that of other dolichocephalic types, except the Pure Mediterraneans. Head height is superior to that of the Keltics and the Pure Mediterraneans. The length-height index is very low and the breadth-height index high, as in other long-headed types. Face breadth in this type is far inferior to that of the round-headed types, but higher that that of the other dolichocephals. The cephalo-facial index reaches its Irish maximum. Total face height is well above the Irish average, as is also the total facial index. Upper face height is also high. Naturally both total facial and upper facial indices are on the high side and align this type with the other dolichocephalic leptoprosopic types and with the Dinaric type (which has been selected for long narrow noses). In the Nordic Mediterranean type the nose is about of average length, but a little more that ordinary wide. Hence the nasal index is somewhat above the Irish mean, but it is exactly the same as that of the Predominantly Nordic type and really differs very little from the mean nasal index of any other of the long-headed types.
Although skin color in the Nordic Mediterranean's is darker than in any other Irish type save the small Pure Mediterranean, yet 86.2 per cent of this type have pink skins. Pronounced vascularity is deficient; freckles are slightly less than ordinarily common. The modal hair form is low waved (as in every other Irish type). Hair color is much darker than in any other sizable type, with 4.7 percent of black hair and 52.4 per cent of dark brown. Nevertheless, more that one third of the type has medium brow hair. All of the eyes are mixed -81.3 per cent blue-brown. Mixed eyes are a little more heavily pigmented in this type that in any other. Yet 74.7 per cent of the mixed eyes are recorded as “pronounced light” or “very pronouncedly light”. The most prevalent iris patter is “diffuse” or without marked patterning (by far the most common Nordic Mediterranean). Brow ridges are a little larger that ordinary; foreheads least often high, and a little more sloping that in any other except the Keltic type. Nasal depressions tend toward pronounces depth. The nasal profile is a little oftener straight that convex as in all Irish types except the Dinaric.
Tooth loss, wear, and caries in the Nordic Mediterranean type are somewhat above the Irish average possibly because of an elevation in mean age. Frontal projection of the molars is slightly high, but pronounced lateral projection is less than average. The same structure applies to prominence of gonial features. Pronounced temporal fullness is well below the Irish average. Occipital protrusion, as in other dolichocepalic types, is inclined to be marked. Lamboid flattening is very common, but its occurrence hardly deviates from that of the total Irish series. Occipital flattening is deficient.
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From the book, "Physical Anthropology of Ireland" (Harvard University Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology Papers, Volume 30)
by Earnest Albert Hooton & C. Wesley Dupertius
Keltic Type(intermediary)
Physical characteristics:
The Keltic type is the second oldest in Ireland 3.36 years above the mean age. The type is 0.60 pounds below mean Irish weight, but does not deviate significantly from average stature. The thoracic index in this type is significantly high, because the chest is deep relative to its width. It is exceeded in this index only by the small Pure Mediterranean group. Head circumference is markedly low since head breadth is meager and head length, although large, fall below the of the numerically strong Nordic Mediterranean type. The cephalic index 76.59 is the minimum for Irish types. Head height is lower than that of any other type save only the Pure Mediterranean. The length-height index is next to the Irish minimum, while the breadth-height index is significantly high although exceeded by two Nordic types and the Nordic Mediterranean type. The forehead is very narrow and the front-parietal index high. The bizygomatic diameter is depressed, but significantly higher that the average values found in the Nordic types. The cephalo-facial index is higher that that of any other type save only the Nordic Mediterranean. The bigonial diameter is somewhat low and the front-gonial index is highest for Ireland. The gonial index is moderately elevated. The high facial index 91,1 is exceeded only by that of the Predominantly Nordic type. The upper face is particularly long. The upper facial index average demonstrates that this type has relatively the longest and narrowest upper face. Noses are a trifle long, probably in part an effect of advanced mean age and also they are a trifle broader that average. Thus the nasal index is also a little above average.
The Keltic type is very light-skinned, although exceeded in this respect by the three blond types. It falls below these types only in pronounced vascularity. The type is relatively low in freckling and also has fewer moles. All kinds of hair form occur, with low waves in the modal position. However, the Keltics present the strongest assemblage of straight-haired individuals to be found in any Irish type, save the Pure Nordic. Baldness and graying of head and beard are excessive in this type doubtless because of the high average age. The modal hair color (46.9%) is flat brown, but a strong minority (39.7%) has dark brown hair, and red-haired contingent amounts to 5.7%. In darkness of hair pigmentation, this type is exceeded only by the small group of Pure Mediterranean's and by the large Nordic Mediterranean group.
All Keltics have pure blue or gray-blue eyes. Almost 54 per cent of Irish blue eyes belong to members of this Keltic type, although the type constitutes only 25.3% of the Irish type series. Irises with scalloped patterns reach their Irish maximum and clear irises are greatly in excess. External eye folds are slightly more that ordinarily common in this type. Upward slant of the eyes slits is more frequent in the Keltic type than in any other except the Pure Mediterranean. Variations from medium height of eye openings, when they occur at all, are low more that is ordinarily common, but these are not characteristics. This type has a higher percentage of persons with pronounced brow ridges that any other Irish morphological type. Foreheads incline toward the more sloping forms. Nasal depressions tend to be deep; straight nasal profiles slightly exceeded the convex form. Membranous lips are rather more than ordinarily thin. Teeth loss, wear, face shortening by tooth wear, and caries are at the maxima in these Keltics, but, reasonably, this condition must be attributed to the high mean age of the type. The Keltic type is average in frontal projection of the molars and is high in medium lateral projection. Gonial angles are infrequently prominent. Hollowness of the temporal region is a distinct feature as is also marked occipital protrusion. Although lambdoid flatting occurs in nearly three-fourths of the Keltics, this feature is less common in the Keltic morphological type that in any other. Occipital flattening is relatively infrequent.
*Special thanks to Visigodo of Stirpes.
Nordic-Mediterranean Type:
Physical characteristics.
The Nordic Mediterranean type is 0.60 years above mean age, ranking third. It is virtually at the all-Irish mean of weight, and, in fact, nearly average in most bodily dimensions.
The chest index is somewhat elevated, signifying a relatively deep and narrow thorax. However, the Keltic type exhibits this feature in a much more pronounced degree. The longest heads in Ireland are found in this Nordic Mediterranean type. Head breadth, though narrow, exceeds that of other dolichocephalic types, except the Pure Mediterraneans. Head height is superior to that of the Keltics and the Pure Mediterraneans. The length-height index is very low and the breadth-height index high, as in other long-headed types. Face breadth in this type is far inferior to that of the round-headed types, but higher that that of the other dolichocephals. The cephalo-facial index reaches its Irish maximum. Total face height is well above the Irish average, as is also the total facial index. Upper face height is also high. Naturally both total facial and upper facial indices are on the high side and align this type with the other dolichocephalic leptoprosopic types and with the Dinaric type (which has been selected for long narrow noses). In the Nordic Mediterranean type the nose is about of average length, but a little more that ordinary wide. Hence the nasal index is somewhat above the Irish mean, but it is exactly the same as that of the Predominantly Nordic type and really differs very little from the mean nasal index of any other of the long-headed types.
Although skin color in the Nordic Mediterranean's is darker than in any other Irish type save the small Pure Mediterranean, yet 86.2 per cent of this type have pink skins. Pronounced vascularity is deficient; freckles are slightly less than ordinarily common. The modal hair form is low waved (as in every other Irish type). Hair color is much darker than in any other sizable type, with 4.7 percent of black hair and 52.4 per cent of dark brown. Nevertheless, more that one third of the type has medium brow hair. All of the eyes are mixed -81.3 per cent blue-brown. Mixed eyes are a little more heavily pigmented in this type that in any other. Yet 74.7 per cent of the mixed eyes are recorded as “pronounced light” or “very pronouncedly light”. The most prevalent iris patter is “diffuse” or without marked patterning (by far the most common Nordic Mediterranean). Brow ridges are a little larger that ordinary; foreheads least often high, and a little more sloping that in any other except the Keltic type. Nasal depressions tend toward pronounces depth. The nasal profile is a little oftener straight that convex as in all Irish types except the Dinaric.
Tooth loss, wear, and caries in the Nordic Mediterranean type are somewhat above the Irish average possibly because of an elevation in mean age. Frontal projection of the molars is slightly high, but pronounced lateral projection is less than average. The same structure applies to prominence of gonial features. Pronounced temporal fullness is well below the Irish average. Occipital protrusion, as in other dolichocepalic types, is inclined to be marked. Lamboid flattening is very common, but its occurrence hardly deviates from that of the total Irish series. Occipital flattening is deficient.
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