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Haplogroup HV | |
Possible time of origin | 25000-30000 YBP[citation needed] |
Possible place of origin | Near East or Caucasus[1] |
Ancestor | R0 |
Descendants | HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, H |
---|---|
Defining mutations | T14766C[2] |
In human mitochondrial genetics,Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents
Origin
Haplogroup HV derives from the Haplogroup R0 (which in turn derives from haplogroup R). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H and Haplogroup V.
Distribution
Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout western Asia and southernand eastern Europe, especially Iran, Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia.[citation needed] It is also found to a much lesser extent in parts of north-east Africa, mainly in the population of Sudanese Arabs, where the frequency of Eurasian ancestry is 22.5%,[3] and a very high frequency of Y-chromosome Haplogroup J (Y-DNA) is also found.[4]
A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.[5]
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009[2] and Malyarchuk et al. 2008.[1]
- HV
- HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
- HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
- HV0a1
- V
- 195 (formerly known as preV*1)
- HV0b
- HV0c
- HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
- HV1
- HV1a
- HV1a1
- HV1a1a
- HV1a2
- HV1a1
- HV1b
- HV1b1
- HV1b2
- HV1c
- HV1a
- 73
- HV2
- HV2a
- HV2
- HV4
- HV4a
- HV5
- 16311 (formerly known as HV3) [6]
- HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
- HV6a (formerly known as HV3b1)
- HV7 (formerly known as HV3c)
- HV8 (formerly known as HV3d)
- HV9 (formerly known as HV3a)
- 152
- HV9a
- 152
- HV10
- HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
- H
- HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
HV0 and HVSI C16298T
Defining mutation C/T at location 16298 in segment I one of the hypervariable segment is labeled as HV0 as of 2012. The percentage of people that tested positive for the above mutation in a study of western European populations in 2002 is given below.[7]
Population | #No | % of population |
---|---|---|
Finland | 50 | 12 |
Norway | 323 | 4 |
Scotland | 874 | 4 |
England | 262 | 3 |
North Germany | 140 | 6 |
South Germany | 266 | 5 |
France | 213 | 3 |
Galicia | 135 | 5 |
North Portugal | 184 | 7 |
Central Portugal | 162 | 3 |
South Portugal | 196 | 4 |
North Africa | 349 | 5 |
In a study of Russian and Polish populations the percentage of people who tested positive for this mutation was five percent for both populations.[8]
Population | #No | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Polish | 436 | 5 |
Russian | 201 | 5 |
A study of Iraqis summarized a number of previous studies showing low levels of this mutation amongst Middle Eastern populations.[9]
Population | #No | % of population |
---|---|---|
Iraqi | 216 | 0.5 |
Syrian | 69 | 2.9 |
Georgian | 139 | 0.7 |
Italian | 99 | 5.1 |
This mutation has been detected in ancient DNA obtained from one of nineteen human remains excavated on the island of Gotland, Sweden, dated to 2,800-2,000 BC and archaeologically classified as belonging to the Pitted Ware culture.[10]
See also
Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mitochondrial Eve (L) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L0 | L1–6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M | N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||
C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
HV | JT | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H | V | J | T |
References
- ^ ab Malyarchuk, B.; Grzybowski, T.; Derenko, M.; Perkova, M.; Vanecek, T.; Lazur, J.; Gomolcak, P.; Tsybovsky, I. (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs". Molecular Biology and Evolution 25 (8): 1651–8. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn114.PMID 18477584.
- ^ ab Van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–94.doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457.
- ^ Afonso, C.; Alshamali, F.; Pereira, J.B.; Fernandes, V.; Costa, M.; Pereira, L. (2008). "MtDNA diversity in Sudan (East Africa)". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1: 257. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.118.
- ^ Hassan, Hisham Y.; Underhill, Peter A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E. (2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137 (3): 316–23.doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.
- ^ Caramelli, D; Lalueza-Fox, C; Vernesi, C; Lari, M; Casoli, A; Mallegni, F; Chiarelli, B; Dupanloup, I et al. (2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (11): 6593–7.Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492.PMID 12743370.
- ^ Haplogroup HV Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site 2009
- ^ González, AM; Brehm, A; Pérez, JA; Maca-Meyer, N; Flores, C; Cabrera, VM (2003). "Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 120 (4): 391–404. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10168. PMID 12627534.
- ^ Malyarchuk, BA; Grzybowski, T; Derenko, MV; Czarny, J; Woźniak, M; Miścicka-Sliwka, D (2002). "Mitochondrial DNA variability in Poles and Russians". Annals of Human Genetics 66(Pt 4): 261–83. doi:10.1017/S0003480002001161 (inactive 2015-01-13). PMID 12418968.
- ^ Al-Zahery, N; Semino, O; Benuzzi, G; Magri, C; Passarino, G; Torroni, A; Santachiara-Benerecetti, AS (2003). "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution28 (3): 458–72. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3. PMID 12927131.
- ^ Malmström, Helena; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Thomas, Mark G.; Brandström, Mikael; Storå, Jan; Molnar, Petra; Andersen, Pernille K.; Bendixen, Christian et al. (2009). "Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians". Current Biology 19 (20): 1758–62. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017.PMID 19781941.
External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup HV
Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Гаплогруппа HV | |
Тип | мтДНК |
Время появления | 20—30 тыс. лет назад |
Место появления | западная Евразия |
Предковая группа | R0 |
Субклады | HV0, HV1, HV2, HV4, HV5, HV6,HV7, HV8, HV9, H |
---|---|
Мутации-маркеры | C14766C[1] |
В популяционной генетике человека гаплогруппой HV называют одну из гаплогрупп, выявленных при анализе последовательности митохондриальной ДНК (mtDNA). Гаплогруппа pre-HV или RO, распространённая на Ближнем Востоке, особенно в Аравии, а также в Эфиопии и Сомали, происходит от гаплогруппы R, которая, в свою очередь, отделилась от гаплогруппы N около 40 тыс. лет назад.
Эта гаплогруппа широко распространена в Западной Европе, её носители пришли туда не менее 20 тыс. лет назад.
Анализ ДНК кроманьонца Paglicci-25, жившего в пещере Пальиччи в Южной Италии около 24 тыс. лет назад, показал, что он принадлежал к гаплогруппе HV или её предку — preHV[2][3].
См. также
Примечания
- ↑ van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). «Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation». Human Mutation 30 (2): E386-E394.PMID 18853457 DOI:10.1002/humu.20921. Проверено 2009-05-20.
- ↑ Ancient DNA
- ↑ PDF — Error