List of haplogroups of notable people

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of haplogroups of notable people. Haplogroups can be determined from the remains of historical figures, or derived from genealogical DNA tests of people who trace their direct maternal or paternal ancestry to a noted historical figure. Some contemporary notable figures have made their test results public in the course of news programs about this topic.

Contents

   

• 1 mtDNA
  • 1.1 Ancient samples
    • 1.1.1 Petrarch
    • 1.1.2 Ötzi the Iceman
    • 1.1.3 Mummy Juanita
    • 1.1.4 "Markina Gora skeleton"
    • 1.1.5 The Cheddar Man
    • 1.1.6 Oseberg ship remains
    • 1.1.7 Sweyn II of Denmark
    • 1.1.8 Richard III of England
    • 1.1.9 Nicholas II of Russia
  • 1.2 Deduction by descendant testing
    • 1.2.1 Benjamin Franklin
    • 1.2.2 Queen Victoria
    • 1.2.3 Edward IV of England
  • 1.3 Figures from popular culture
    • 1.3.1 Christian Cardell Corbet
    • 1.3.2 Katie Couric
    • 1.3.3 Stephen Colbert
    • 1.3.4 Ximena Navarrete
    • 1.3.5 Desmond Tutu
    • 1.3.6 Nelson Mandela
    • 1.3.7 Bono
• 2 Y-DNA
  • 2.1 Ancient samples
    • 2.1.1 Cao Cao, the Cao Wei State of Ancient China & the Takamuko Clan of Japan
    • 2.1.2 Tutankhamun
    • 2.1.3 Ramesses III
    • 2.1.4 Nicholas II of Russia
    • 2.1.5 Ötzi the Iceman
    • 2.1.6 Birger Magnusson
  • 2.2 Deduction by descendant testing
    • 2.2.1 Charles Darwin
    • 2.2.2 Albert Einstein
    • 2.2.3 Gediminas
    • 2.2.4 Genghis Khan
    • 2.2.5 Gia Long
    • 2.2.6 Alexander Hamilton
    • 2.2.7 Adolf Hitler
    • 2.2.8 Thomas Jefferson
    • 2.2.9 King of France Louis XIV
    • 2.2.10 Napoleon
    • 2.2.11 Niall of the Nine Hostages
    • 2.2.12 Fath Ali Shah Qajar
    • 2.2.13 All Russian emperors from at least Nicholas I to Nicholas II "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov"
    • 2.2.14 Somerled
    • 2.2.15 Tonu Trubetsky
  • 2.3 Figures from popular culture
    • 2.3.1 Warren Buffett and Jimmy Buffett
    • 2.3.2 Nick Donofrio
    • 2.3.3 Eddie Izzard
    • 2.3.4 Nelson Mandela
    • 2.3.5 Mike Nichols
    • 2.3.6 Dr. Mehmet Cengis Oz also known as Dr. Oz
    • 2.3.7 Chris Rock
    • 2.3.8 Desmond Tutu
    • 2.3.9 Spencer Wells
• 3 See also
• 4 References
• 5 External links

mtDNA

MtDNA results come from historical persons whose mitochondrial DNA has been tested; it identifies direct maternal ancestry, which is just one line out of many.

Ancient samples

These are results from ancient samples of the person or reputed remains of the person. Because mtDNA breaks down more slowly than nuclear DNA, it is often possible to obtain mtDNA results where other testing fails.

Petrarch

The supposed remains of Francesco Petrarca were tested for DNA in 2003.^[1]

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
body attributed to Petrarch	16126C, 16193T, 16311C	J2

Ötzi the Iceman

Analysis of the mtDNA of Ötzi the Iceman, the frozen mummy from 3300 BC found on theAustrian-Italian border, has shown that Ötzi belongs to the K1 subclade. His mtDNA cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade (K1a, K1b or K1c). The new subclade has preliminarily been named K1ö for Ötzi.^[2]

Mummy Juanita

The mummy "Juanita" of Peru, also called the "Ice Maiden", has been shown to belong to mitochondrial haplogroup A.^[3][4]

"Markina Gora skeleton"

Analysis of mtDNA from the "Markina Gora" skeleton, an early modern human (EMH) male who was interred approximately 30,000 years ago, at Markina Gora (also known as "Kostenki 14"), near Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast on the River Don in Russia, has shown that it belongs to the U2 subclade.^[5][6]

The Cheddar Man

The skeleton excavated from the Cheddar Gorge is in haplogroup U5a. The Cheddar Man is the nickname for the ancient human remains found in Cheddar Gorge; his approximate date of death was 7150 BCE.

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
Cheddar Man	16192T, 16270T	U5a

mitosearch member code: 7MRU2

Oseberg ship remains

The remains of the younger of the two women buried with the Oseberg ship was tested and discovered to have mtDNA of U7.^[7]

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
Young Girl	N/A	U7

Sweyn II of Denmark

In order to verify whether the body of a woman entombed near Sweyn II of Denmark in Roskilde Cathedral is that of his mother Estrid, mtDNA from pulp of teeth from each of the two bodies was extracted and analysed. The king was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H and the woman was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H5a. Based on the observation of two HVR1sequence differences, it was concluded that it is highly unlikely that the woman was the king's mother.^[8]

Richard III of England

See also: Exhumation of Richard III of England

Richard III's mitochondrial haplotype was inferred from living descendants and then the identity of his remains confirmed through a multidisciplinary process including genetic analysis of both his mitochondrial and Y-DNA. In 2004 British historian John Ashdown-Hill traced a British-born woman living in Canada, Joy Ibsen (née Brown), who is a direct maternal line descendant of Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, a sister of Richard III of England. Joy Ibsen's mtDNA was tested and belongs to mtDNA Haplogroup J.^[9][10] Joy Ibsen died in 2008. On 4 February 2013, University of Leicester researchers announced that there was an mtDNA match between that of a skeleton exhumed in Leicester suspected of belonging to Richard III and that of Joy Ibsen's son, Michael Ibsen, and a second unnamed direct maternal line descendant.^[11][12][13] They share mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c.^[14][15]

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
Richard III of England	16069T, 16126C, 73G, 146C, 185A, 188G, 263G, 295T, 315.1C	J

Richard III the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagnet Dynasty - YDNA G-P287 n contrast to the Y-haplotypes of the putative modern relatives, Skeleton 1 belongs to haplogroup G-P287, with a corresponding Y-STR haplotype.http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141202/ncomms6631/full/ncomms6631.html

Nicholas II of Russia

The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas II of Russia, was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup T, based on the following mutations: 16126C, 16169Y, 16294T, 16296T, 73G, 263G, 315.1C. His results matched those of a cousin, Count Nikolai Trubetskoy.^{[16][better source needed]}

Deduction by descendant testing

Because mtDNA is carried through the direct female line, some researchers have identified the haplotype of historic persons by testing descendants in their direct female line. In the case of males, their mother's direct female lineage descendants are tested.

Benjamin Franklin

Doras Folger, one of Benjamin Franklin's mother's six sisters, passed on her mtDNA to her 9th-great-granddaughter, Charlene Chambers King, therefore showing Franklin to belong to haplogroup V.^[17]

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
Benjamin Franklin	T16298C, 315.1C, 309.1C, A263G, and T72C.	V

Queen Victoria

mtDNA Haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C): Empress Alexandra of Russia's identity was confirmed by matching her mtDNA with that of her grand-nephew, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Their common maternal ancestor, Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, and her mother, Queen Victoria, must therefore have shared this haplotype. Genealogies show that Charles II of England had the same matrilineal ancestress as Queen Victoria, an unknown mistress of Theobald I of Navarre.

Edward IV of England

Edward IV of England and his brother Richard III of England, both sons of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, would have shared the same mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c.^[14]

Figures from popular culture

The following are contemporary individuals who have had mtDNA results publicized:

Christian Cardell Corbet

The Canadian portrait artist Christian Cardell Corbet belongs to mtDNA haplogroup H.^[18][19]

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
Christian Cardell Corbet	16519C	H

Katie Couric

During an interview with Dr. Spencer Wells of The National Geographic Genographic Project, the host Katie Couric was revealed to belong to haplogroup K.^[20]

Stephen Colbert

Stephen Colbert was told by Dr Spencer Wells that he is a member of haplogroup K.^[21]

Ximena Navarrete

Ximena Navarrete Miss Universe 2010, is haplogroup J. QUO, a scientific magazine, states her haplogroup survived the Pleistocene ice age, whose individuals were protected from the weather in the region known as the Franco-Cantabrian, located in northern Spain and southwestern France.^[22]

Desmond Tutu

Desmond Tutu, South African activist and Christian cleric, according to a study on Southern African genetics belongs to mtDNA haplogroup L0d, a subgroup of Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA).^[23]

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, belonged to mtDNA haplogroup L0d (previously known as L1d), a subgroup of Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA).^{[24][25][26][27]}

Bono

Bono, the vocalist for the Irish rock band U2, belongs to mtDNA haplogroup V.^[28][29][30]

Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve (L)

L0

L1–6

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

R0

pre-JT

P

U

HV

JT

K

H

V

J

T

Y-DNA

The results for Y-DNA genealogical DNA tests are either from the men themselves, or from men who have inferred paternal descent from historical figures. Scientists make the inference as a hypothesis which could be disproved or improved by future research.

Ancient samples

Cao Cao, the Cao Wei State of Ancient China & the Takamuko Clan of Japan

Chinese warlord Cao Cao, who was posthumously titled Emperor Wu of the state of Cao Wei, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup O2 according to DNA tests of some documented descendants.^[31][32] Ancient DNA analysis of the tooth of Cao Cao's granduncle, Cao Ding, showed that Cao Cao belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup O2*-M268.^[33] The Takamuko clan of Japan claims agnatic descent from Cao Pi, who was the first Emperor of the state of Cao Wei  and the eldest son of Cao Cao. This suggests that the Takamuko clan also belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup O2. The Takamuko clan is most famous for Takamuko no Kuromaro.

Tutankhamun

An academic study which included DNA profiling of some of the related male mummies of the18th Dynasty of Egypt was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2010. Tutankhamun's Y-DNA haplogroup was not published in the academic paper,^[34][35][36]however iGENEA, a Swiss personal genomics claimed to have reconstructed King Tut's Y-DNA profile based on screencaps from a Discovery Channel documentary about the study. iGENEA found that King Tut belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b1a2,^[37][38][39] Members of the research team that conducted the academic study published in 2010 stated they had not been consulted by iGENEA before they published the haplogroup information and described iGENEA's claims as "unscientific." ^[36] After pressure to publish Tutankhamun's full DNA report to confirm his Y-DNA results, the researchers refused to respond.

Ramesses III

In December 2012, a genetic study conducted by the same researchers who decoded King Tutankhamun's DNA found that Ramesses III, second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a.^[40]

Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II of Russia has been predicted as having an R1b haplotype.^[41][42]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	439	389i	392	389ii	458	456	635	Y-GATA-H4	437	438	448
Alleles	13	24	14	10	11	14	11	13	13	29	17	16	24	12	15	12	19

Ötzi the Iceman

Ötzi the Iceman has been found to be Y-DNA haplogroup G2a2b.^[43] The actual term used was G2a4, but the presumed L91 mutation has since been given a new category, G2a2b.

Birger Magnusson

Birger Jarl, the founder of Stockholm the modern capital of Sweden, according to Andreas Carlsson at The National Board of Forensic Medicine of Sweden, belonged to haplogroup I1. Birger Magnusson was the ancestor of a line of kings of both Sweden and Norway, starting with his son Valdemar Birgersson.^[44]

Deduction by descendant testing

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin belonged to Haplogroup R1b, based on a sample from his great-great-grandson.^[45]

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1b2* E-Z830, with a sample taken from a paternal descendant of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein.^[46][47]

Gediminas

See also: Jagiellon dynasty

As it was thought that the Lithuanian family of Gediminas or the Gediminids might ultimately belong to the Rurikid line, the same Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project sought to discover the haplogroup of their famous founder Gediminas. It was surprisingly found that while this is not precisely the case, the Gediminids also belong to the Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1, yet of a different subclade. In fact the Gediminids and Rurikids are actually very distant cousins, sharing a common ancestor circa 2,500 years ago.^[48]

Person	DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Khovansky	Alleles	14	23	15	11	11	13	11	12	10	15	15	31	17	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	27	14	14	15	15
Czartoryski	Alleles	14	23	15	11	11	13	11	12	11	14	15	30	17	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	29	14	14	15	15
Galitzine	Alleles	14	23	15	11	11	13	11	12	11	14	15	30	17	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	28	14	14	15	15
Trubetskoy	Alleles	14	23	15	11	11	13	11	12	10	13	15	29	17	9	9	11	12	25	14	20	28	14	14	15	15

Ysearch: HP2VB, 7FWBE, HUD38,

Russian Nobility DNA Project- note, however, that this information originally came from the Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project: [1]

Genghis Khan

Main article: Descent from Genghis Khan

DNA purported to be from Genghis Khan does not have the benefit of near and easily documented lineages. A distinct 'modal' result centers today on Mongolia.

According to Zerjal et al. (2003),^[49] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C-M130711(xC3c-M48).

DYS	393	390	391	425	426	434	435	436	437i	438	439	388	389i	389ii	392
Alleles	13	25	10	12	11	11	11	12	8	10	10	14	10	26	11

According to Family Tree DNA,^[50] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C-M217.

Extended 25 Marker Y-DNA modal based on Mongolians matching the above modal haplotypein the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation database,^[51] which also corresponds to the modal assigned to Genghis Khan released by Family Tree DNA:^[50]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	16	10	12	13	11	14	10	13	11	29	18	8	8	11	12	26	14	22	27	11	11	12	16

Ysearch: GF44B

Oxford university's department of biochemistry gives an extended haplotype (SMGF standard allele count).^[52]

DYS	393	392	449	446	390	389b	464a	464b	464c	464d	461	394	458	462	391	459a	459b	460	YGATAA10	385a	385b	455	YGATAH4
Alleles	13	11	27	21	25	16	11	11	12	16	11	17	18	13	10	8	8	10	13	12	13	11	11

DYS	YGATAC4	426	454	YCAIIa	YCAIIb	GGAAT1B07	388	447	456	441	439	437	442	445	389I	448	438	452	444	463
Alleles	21	11	12	22	23	10	14	26	15	15	10	14	11	12	13	25	10	31	14	23

Ysearch: GF44B (78 Y-STRs)

Gia Long

Gia Long, who was the first emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam as founded by the Nguyen-Phuoc family, may have belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup O2a according to the DNA test of one documented descendant (if paternity matches genealogy).^[53] Given the sample size, however, this result cannot be regarded as conclusive and further testing of other documented descendants is necessary to help confirm or refute this finding.

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup I1.^[54]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385A	385B	426	388	439	389I	392	389II	458	459A	459B	455	454	447	437	448	449	464A	464B	464C	464D
Alleles	13	22	14;15	10	13	14	11	14	12	13	11	29	15	8	9	8	11	22	16	20	31	12	14	15	15

DYS	460	GATA-H4	YCAIIA	YCAIIB	456	607	576	570	CDYA	CDYB	442	438
Alleles	10	10	19	21	14	16	16	19	35	38	12	10

Adolf Hitler

According to research published in 2004, Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany during 1933–1945, likely belonged to Y-DNA Haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), a haplogroup which originated in East Africa about 22,400 years BP.^[55]

In 2010, journalist Jean-Paul Mulders and historian Marc Vermeeren publicised analysis of samples taken from 39 patrlineal relatives of Hitler, supporting the above finding and pointing out that Haplopgroup E1b1b was now common among Berbers, Somalis and Jews. Mulders contradicted interpretations of his research by some media outlets, which claimed that Hitler definitely had Jewish ancestry. Mulders commented: "I never wrote that Hitler was a Jew, or that he had a Jewish grandfather. I only wrote that Hitler's haplogroup is E1b1b, being more common among Berbers, Somalian people and Jews than among overall Germans. This, in order to convey that he was not exactly what during the Third Reich would have been called 'Aryan.' All the rest are speculations of journalists who didn't even take the trouble to read my article, although I had it translated into English especially for this purpose."^[56] Family Tree DNA, the largest Y-chromosome testing organization for genealogy and ancestry purposes, with a Y-chromosome database containing close to 200,000 samples from different populations, also said that some assertions about Hitler’s ancestry, based on information released by Mulders and Vermeeren, are "highly questionable". Family Tree DNA’s Chief Y-DNA Scientist, Professor Michael Hammer said that "scientific studies as well as records from our own database[,] make it clear that one cannot reach the kind of conclusion featured in the published articles". Family Tree DNA records showed that at least 9% of the populations of Germany and Austria belonged to Haplogroup E1b1b, and about 80% of that group had no Jewish ancestry. "This data clearly show that just because one person belongs to the branch of the Y-chromosome referred to as haplogroup E1b1b, that does not mean the person is likely to be of Jewish ancestry," said Professor Hammer.

Thomas Jefferson

Main article: Jefferson DNA data

Direct male-line descendants of a cousin of United States president Thomas Jefferson wereDNA tested to investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with his slaveSally Hemings.^[57] An extended 17-marker haplotype was published in 2007,^[58] and the company Family Tree DNA has also published results for other markers in its standard first 12-marker panel.^[59] Combining these sources gives the consolidated 21-marker haplotype below. The Jeffersons belong to Haplogroup T (former K2).

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	437	460	438	461	462	436	434	435	DXYS 156Y
Alleles	13	24	15	10	13	16	11	12	12	12	15	27	14	10	9	11	13	12	11	11	12

(Note: the value of DXYS 156Y was reported as 7 in the original paper. This is believed to translate to 12 in the convention now used by DNA testing labs and online databases).

King of France Louis XIV

Louis XIV of France belonged to haplogroup Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA).^[60]

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34*). This haplogroup has its highest concentration in Ethiopia and in the Near East (Jordan). According to the authors of the study, "Probably Napoléon also knew his remote oriental patrilineal origins, because Francesco Buonaparte (the Giovanni son), who was a mercenary under the orders of the Genoa Republic in Ajaccio in 1490, was nicknamed “The Maur of Sarzane”.^[61]

Niall of the Nine Hostages

Main article: Niall of the Nine Hostages

A study conducted at Trinity College, Dublin,^[62] found that a striking percentage of men in Ireland (and quite a few in Scotland) share the same Y chromosome. Niall established a dynasty of powerful chieftains who dominated the island for six centuries. Niall belongs toHaplogroup R1b1c7 (M222). It should be noted that Dr. Moore's results examined some different parts of DNA (loci) from the result given here. More recently, however, it has been determined that the emergence of R-M222 predates Niall and may be more than 2,000 years old. Therefore, not all men who belong to this haplogroup are descendants of Niall.

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	14	11	11	13	12	12	12	13	14	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	15	18	30	15	16	16	17

Ysearch: M5UKQ

Fath Ali Shah Qajar

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1772-1834), the second emperor/shah of the Qajar Dynasty of Persia belonged to haplogroup J1 with DYS388 = 13 as deducted from testing of descendants of several of his sons.^[63]

All Russian emperors from at least Nicholas I to Nicholas II "Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov"

The haplotype of Nicholas II of Russia has been predicted to belong to R1b.^[42] It matched a member of another line of Nicholas I's descendants.

Somerled

Main articles: Somerled and Clann Somhairle

In 2003 Oxford University researchers traced the Y-chromosome signature of Somerled of Argyll, one of Scotland's greatest warriors, who is credited with driving out the Vikings. He was also paternal grandfather of the founder of Clan Donald. Through clan genealogies, the genetic relation was mapped out.^[64] Somerled belongs to haplogroup R1a1.

In 2005 a study by Professor of Human Genetics Bryan Sykes of Oxford University led to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants — making him the second most common historical ancestor after Genghis Khan.^[65] Sykes deduced that despite Somerled's reputation for having driven out the Vikings from Scotland, Somerled's own Y-DNA most closely matched that of the Vikings he fought.

The Y-DNA sequence is as follows (12 markers):^[66]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	15	11	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	16	8	10	11	11	23	14	20	31	12	15	15	16

Tonu Trubetsky

R1a1a, shown not related to real Princes Trubetskoy.

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	15	11	11	14	12	12	10	13	11	31	15	9	10	11	11	25	14	21	32	12	12	14	14

Ysearch: WUZG2

Figures from popular culture

Warren Buffett and Jimmy Buffett[edit]

Warren Buffett and Jimmy Buffett belong to Y-DNA haplogroup I1 which is most common in and around Scandinavia.^[67] However, they are not closely related.^[68]

Nick Donofrio

Nick Donofrio belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup J2.^[69]

Eddie Izzard

Eddie Izzard belongs to haplogroup I-M223 according to the documentary series Meet the Izzards.^[70]

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, belonged to Haplogroup E1b1a (Y-DNA)(also known as E-M2) typical of Bantu peoples.^[24][26]

Mike Nichols

Mike Nichols belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup J2a1b.^[71]

Dr. Mehmet Cengis Oz also known as Dr. Oz

Dr. Mehmet Oz belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup J2a1b.^[72]

Chris Rock

American comedian Chris Rock belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup B (subclade B2a1). He is paternally descended from the Uldeme people of Cameroon.^[73]

Desmond Tutu

Desmond Tutu, South African retired Archbishop of Cape Town, according to a study on Southern African genetics belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1a1g.^[23]

Spencer Wells

Spencer Wells, the project director of The Genographic Project, is a member of haplogroup R1b.^[74]

Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups
Minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome (ver. 10-Jun-2014)PDF[n 1]
	MRC Y-ancestor
		A00	A0'1'2'3'4
			A0	A1'2'3'4
				A1	A2'3'4
					A2'3	A4=BCDEF
				A2	A3		B		CDEF
										DE				CF
									D	E		C		F
														GHIJKLT
														G	HIJKLT
															H		IJKLT
																IJ			KLT (K)
															I	J		LT(K1)	K (K2)
																		L	T		MPS (K2b)	X (K2a)
																							MS			P		NO
																						M	S		QR		N	O
																											Q	R
Y-DNA by populations Famous Y-DNA haplotypes
Jump up^ van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.

See also

• Ancient DNA
• Genealogical DNA testing
• Paleogenetics

	Molecular and Cellular Biology portal
	Molecular Anthropology portal
	Evolutionary biology portal

References

1. Jump up^ Caramelli, D; Lalueza-Fox, C; Capelli, C; Lari, M; Sampietro, ML; Gigli, E; Milani, L; Pilli, E; Guimaraes, S; Chiarelli, B; Marin, VT; Casoli, A; Stanyon, R; Bertranpetit, J; Barbujani, G. (November 2007). "Genetic analysis of the skeletal remains attributed to Francesco Petrarca". Forensic Science International 173 (1): 36–40.doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.01.020. PMID 17320326.
2. Jump up^ Ermini, Luca (30 October 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology.
3. Jump up^ "The peopling of the Americas: Genetic ancestry influences health". Scientific American.
4. Jump up^ "First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover – Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News". Retrieved 2009-11-18.
5. Jump up^ "Paul Rincon, 2010, "DNA analysed from early European"BBC News". news.bbc.co.uk. 27 August 2014.
6. Jump up^ "?" (PDF). eva.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
7. Jump up^ Per Holck (2006-08-01). "The Oseberg Ship Burial, Norway: New Thoughts On the Skeletons From the Grave Mound". Eja.sagepub.com. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
8. Jump up^ Dissing et al (2006-05-09). "The last Viking King: a royal maternity case solved by ancient DNA analysis". PubMed.gov. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
9. Jump up^ Joy Ibsen's mtDNA sequence: 16069T, 16126C, 73G, 146C, 185A, 188G, 263G, 295T, 315.1C in Ashdown-Hill, John (2010). The Last Days of Richard III. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 9780752454047.
10. Jump up^ "Richard III dig: 'It does look like him'". BBC News. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
11. Jump up^ "Results of the DNA analysis". University of Leicester. 4 February 2013.
12. Jump up^ "Geneticist Dr Turi King and genealogist Professor Kevin Schürer give key evidence on the DNA testing". University of Leicester. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
13. Jump up^ Burns, John F (4 February 2013). "Bones Under Parking Lot Belonged to Richard III". The New York Times. Retrieved6 February 2013.
14. ^ Jump up to:^a b Rachel, Ehrenberg (6 February 2013). "A king's final hours, told by his mortal remains". Science News. Society for Science & the Public. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
15. Jump up^ Bower, Dick (Director) (27 February 2013). Richard III:The Unseen Story (Television production). UK: Darlow Smithson Productions.
16. Jump up^ "Famous DNA". Isogg.org. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
17. Jump up^ "DNA Analysis of 5 People Who Helped Create America". Thegeneticgenealogist.com. 2007-11-01. Retrieved2011-05-12.
18. Jump up^ "Christian Corbet". Christian Corbet. Retrieved2011-05-12.
19. Jump up^ "Corbet Family Homepage". corbetfamily.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-29.
20. Jump up^ Okwu, Michael (2005-11-21). "Family tree project helps trace deep history". TODAY show. MSNBC. Retrieved2011-05-12.
21. Jump up^ The Colbert Report, 14 August 2007
22. Jump up^ http://quo.mx/2012/05/30/plus/la-genetica-tras-la-belleza-de-ximena
23. ^ Jump up to:^a b Schuster et al (2010-02-18). "Bantu genomes from southern Africa". Nature. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
24. ^ Jump up to:^a b "So, Where Do We Come From?, Carte Blanche". M-Net. 2004-09-19. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
25. Jump up^ Rondganger, Lee (2006-06-06). "Being an African makes me who I am". IOL. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
26. ^ Jump up to:^a b Alexander, Mary (2007-04-24). "Are you related to Mandela?". SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
27. Jump up^ Coan, Stephen (2010-07-28). "The first people". The Witness. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
28. Jump up^ "Mommy, Where Do Bonos Come From?". Vanity Fair. 20 June 2007. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
29. Jump up^ "Haplogroups of the Rich and Famous". 23andMe. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
30. Jump up^ "Haplogroups: Tracing Deep Roots with DNA". PBS. 15 May 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
31. Jump up^ "Dienekes’ Anthropology Blog: Y-chromosome of Emperor Cao Cao: O2". Dienekes.blogspot.com. 2011-12-27. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
32. Jump up^ "Ancient DNA of Emperor CAO Cao's granduncle matches those of his present descendants: a commentary on present Y chromosomes reveal the ancestry of Emperor CAO Cao of 1800 years ago.". ResearchGate. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.5. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
33. Jump up^ http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v58/n4/full/jhg20135a.html
34. Jump up^ Hawass et al (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
35. Jump up^ Butler, Declan (16 February 2010). "King Tut's death explained?". Nature. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
36. ^ Jump up to:^a b Pappas, Stephanie (3 August 2011). "King Tut Related to Half of European Men? Maybe Not". LiveScience. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
37. Jump up^ Genzlinger, Neil (19 February 2010). "CSI: Egypt, Complete With DNA Tests of Mummies". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
38. Jump up^ "The Tutankhamun DNA Project". iGENEA. Retrieved6 March 2013.
39. Jump up^ Baghdjian, Alice (1 August 2011). "Half of European men share King Tut's DNA". Reuters. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
40. Jump up^ Hawass, Z.; Ismail, S.; Selim, A.; Saleem, S. N.; Fathalla, D.; Wasef, S.; Gad, A. Z.; Saad, R.; Fares, S.; Amer, H.; Gostner, P.; Gad, Y. Z.; Pusch, C. M.; Zink, A. R. (17 December 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ 345 (dec14 14): e8268–e8268.doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
41. Jump up^ "http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/02/y-chromosome-of-tsar-nicholas-ii.html". Dienekes.blogspot.com. 2009-02-27.doi:10.1073/pnas.0811190106. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
42. ^ Jump up to:^a b "Supporting Information (The last Russian emperor)"(PDF). Retrieved 2011-05-12.
43. Jump up^ Interview Dr. Eduard Egarter-Vigl, Head of Conservation and Assistant to research projects of the Archaeological Museum in Bozen. From the Docu-Movie: "Ötzi, ein Archäologiekrimi" [Ötzi, a Archaeology Crime] by Christine Sprachmann. TV-Broadcast by 3sat 10 August 2011 and br-alpha 13 September 2011.
44. Jump up^ "Finding the founder of Stockholm – A kinship study based on Y-chromosomal, autosomal and mitochondrial DNA". Retrieved 12 August 2013.
45. Jump up^ Marks, Kathy (5 February 2010). "Darwin family DNA shows African origin". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved20 December 2012.
46. Jump up^ "G2b-M377 / L72 / L183 / M283 Y Haplogroup Project (formerly G2c)". Family Tree DNA. 1928-05-02. Retrieved2013-10-02.
47. Jump up^ "E-M35 Phylogeny Project". Haplozone.net. Retrieved2013-10-02.
48. Jump up^ "DNA Database for Rurikid and Gediminid princes". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved2011-05-12.
49. Jump up^ Zerjal, T; Xue, Y; Bertorelle, G; Wells, RS; Bao, W; Zhu, S; Qamar, R; Ayub, Q; Mohyuddin, A; Fu, S; Li, P; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Xu, J; Shu, Q; Du, R; Yang, H; Hurles, ME; Robinson, E; Gerelsaikhan, T; Dashnyam, B; Mehdi, SQ; Tyler-Smith, C (2003). "The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols". American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (3): 717–21. doi:10.1086/367774. PMC 1180246.PMID 12592608.
50. ^ Jump up to:^a b Family Tree DNA. "Matching Genghis Khan". Archived from the original on 28 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
51. Jump up^ "SMGF: Genghis Khan modal haplotype search results".
52. Jump up^ USA (2011-03-18). "The genetic legacy of the Mongols. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar;72(3):717-21. Epub 2003 Jan 17". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
53. Jump up^ http://www.ysearch.org/haplosearch_view.asp?haplo=O2a&viewuid=PP548&p=0
54. Jump up^ "Hamilton DNA Project Results Discussion". Personal.psu.edu. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
55. Jump up^ Cruciani; La Fratta; Santolamazza; Sellitto (May 2004), "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa" (PDF), American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (5): 1014–1022, DOI:10.1086/386294, PMC 1181964, PMID 15042509
56. Jump up^ http://www.familytreedna.com/PDF/FTDNA_Mulders.pdf
57. Jump up^ Foster, EA; Jobling, MA; Taylor, PG; Donnelly, P; de Knijff, P; Mieremet, R; Zerjal, T; Tyler-Smith, C (1998). "Jefferson fathered slave's last child". Nature 396 (6706): 27–28.doi:10.1038/23835. PMID 9817200.
58. Jump up^ King, TE; Bowden, GR; Balaresque, PL; Adams, SM; Shanks, ME; Jobling, MA (2007). "Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to a rare European lineage". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 132 (4): 584–9. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20557.PMID 17274013.
59. Jump up^ Family Tree DNA. "Comparing yourself to the Jefferson DNA". Archived from the original on 30 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
60. Jump up^ Larmuseau Maarten H.D. (2013). "Genetic genealogy reveals true Y haplogroup of House of Bourbon contradicting recent identification of the presumed remains of two French Kings". nature.com.
61. Jump up^ Lucotte (2011). "Haplogroup of the Y Chromosome of Napoléon the First". ccsenet.org.
62. Jump up^ Moore LT, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley DG (2006). "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 334–8.doi:10.1086/500055. PMC 1380239. PMID 16358217.
63. Jump up^ "L.A. Ferydoun Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn (Khosrovani), 'Short Report: DNA-evidence versus the Paper Trail. Groundbreaking News on the Origine of the Qajars', in: Qajar Studies VIII (2008)".
64. Jump up^ "The Norse Code". Electricscotland.com. 2003-09-28. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
65. Jump up^ "DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots". The Scotsman. 26 April 2006.
66. Jump up^ "Famous DNA". Isogg.org. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
67. Jump up^ "23andMe website". 23andme.com.
68. Jump up^ Boyle, Matthew (May 28, 2007). "The Buffett mystery".Fortune Magazine. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
69. Jump up^ "(IBM Executive Vice President, Innovation and Technology tested with the Geneographic Project". Archived from the original on 2013-08-15. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
70. Jump up^ "The Dad's Line". Meet The Izzards. February 21, 2013.BBC.
71. Jump up^ Faces of America (Television Program, Page 31 by Henry Louis Gates
72. Jump up^ Faces of America (Television Program, Page 107 by Henry Louis Gates
73. Jump up^ "The Past Is Another Country". African American Lives. Series 2. Episode 4. PBS.
74. Jump up^ "Charlie Rose — Henry Louis Gates, Jr. / Spencer Wells / Major Gen. Douglas Lute". "Charlie Rose".