Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groupsand populations from Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on relevant studies, the samples are taken from individuals identified by linguistic designation (AA=Afroasiatic, KS=Khoisan, NS=Nilo-Saharan and NC=Niger–Congo). The table below's third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of the particular haplogroup.

Population	Language group	n	A	B	E1a	E1b1a	E1b1b	E2	J	R1b	T	Reference
Afro-Asiatic[nb 1]	Afro-Asiatic(AA)	236	5.5	3.8	0.4	3.3	34.8	0.8	19.5	20.8	3.8	Wood 2005[1]
Alur	Nilotic (NS)	9	22	0	0	11	0	67	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Amhara(Ethiopia)	Semitic (AA)	48	14.6	2.1	0	-	35.4	0	33.3	0	4.2	Hassan 2008[2]
Bamileke	Bantoid (NC)	85	0	0	0	100	0	0	0	0	0	Luis 2004[3]
Bantus(Gabon)	Bantu (NC)	795	0.5	6.7	0.2	79.4	0.1	6.2	0	5.5	0	Berniell 2009[4]
Bantus(Kenya)	Bantu (NC)	29	13.8	3.4	0	51.7	13.7	17.2	0	0	0	Hurles 2005[5]
Bantus(Tanzania)[nb 2]	Bantu (NC)	110	2.7	9.1	-	48.2	21.8	16.4	0	0	1.8	[3][6]
Bantus (South Africa)[nb 3]	Southern Bantu (NC)	137	5.1	10.9	0	54.7	4.4	21.2	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Bantus(South-Eastern)	Bantu (NC)	343	5.0	16.3	--	66.2	1.5	10.2	--	0	--	Naidoo 2010[7]
Beja	Cushitic (AA)	42	4.8	0	0	0	52.4	0	38.1	4.8	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Benin (Fon)	Gbe (NC)	100	0	0	0	95	0	5	0	0	0	Luis 2004[3]
Berbers	Berber (AA)	64	3	0	2	5	80	0	6	0	0	Cruciani2002[8]
Burkina Faso[nb 4]	Niger–Congo(NC)	106	0	0.9	3.8	81.1	2.8	11.3	0	0	0	Cruciani2002[8]
Burunge	Cushitic (AA)	24	0	25	--	4	33	--	--	--	--	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Cameroon(North)[nb 5]	Adamawa(NC)	72	1.4	12.5	4.2	54.2	0	0	0	27.8	0	Cruciani2002[8]
Cameroon(North)[nb 6]	Chadic (AA)	54	1.8	3.7	0	13.0	3.7	7.4	0	70.4	0	Cruciani2002[8]
Cameroon(South)[nb 7]	Bantoid (NC)	89	0	5.6	0	93.3	0	0	0	1.1	0	Cruciani2002[8]
R.D. Congo(East)[nb 8]	Bantu (NC)	36	2.8	0	0	63.9	13.9	19.4	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Copts(Sudanese)	Arabic (AA)	33	0	15.2	0	0	21.2	0	45.5	15.2	-	Hassan 2008[2]
Cross River(Nigeria)	Cross River(NC)	1113	0	--	--	87	--	--	0	0	0	Veeramah2010[9]
Datog	Nilotic (NS)	35	3	3	--	11	54	--	--	--	--	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Dinka	Nilotic (NS)	26	62	23	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Dogon	Dogon (NC)	55	1.8	7.3	45.5	43.6	0	1.8	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Ethiopians	Afro-Asiatic(AA)	242	17.8	0.8	0	-	48.8	0.4	26.9	0	3.7	Moran 2004[10]
Ethiopian Jews	Cushitic (AA)	22	41	0	0	0	50	0	5	0	5	Cruciani2002[8]
Fulbe[nb 9]	Senegambian(NC)	37	5.4	0	29.7	48.6	--	0	0	--	8.1	Cruciani2002[8]
Fulbe (Sudan)	Senegambian(NC)	26	0	0	0	0	34.6	0	0	53.8	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Fulbe(Nigeria)	Senegambian(NC)	21	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	Cruciani2010[11]
Fur	Fur (NS)	32	31.3	3.1	0	0	59.4	0	6.3	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Ghana[nb 10]	Kwa (NC)	91	0	0	2.2	92.3	1.1	0	0	1.1	0	Wood 2005[1]
Hadza	Hadza(Isolate/KS)	80	0	57.5	-	26.2	15.0	-	-	-	-	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Hausa (Sudan)	Chadic (AA)	32	12.5	15.6	0	12.5	3.1	0	0	40.6	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Hema	Northeast Bantu (NC)	18	6	0	2.2	28	28	39	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Hutu (Rwanda)	Northeast Bantu (NC)	69	0	4	0	83	3	8	0	1	0	Luis 2004[3]
Igbo[nb 11]	Volta–Niger(NC)	209	A3b2=0	-	-	89.3	-	-	0	-	0	Veeramah 2010[9]
Iraqw	Cushitic (AA)	9	0	22	0	11	56	0	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Khoisan[nb 12]	Khoisan (KS)	90	47.7	14.4	0	24.4	6.7	2.2	1.1	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Khoisan	Khoisan (KS)	183	44.3	11.5	0	23.0	16.4	1.6	0	1.6	0	Naidoo 2010[7]
Khoisan(South Africa)[nb 13]	Khoisan (KS)	129	33.3	12.4	0	35.7	14.7	3.9	0	0	0	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Kikuyu &Kamba	Northeast Bantu (NC)	42	2	2	0	73	19	0	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
ǃKung	Northern Khoisan (KS)	64	36	8	0	39	11	6	0	0	0	Cruciani2002[8]
Luo	Nilotic (NS)	9	11	22	0	66	0	0	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Maasai	Nilotic (NS)	26	27	8	0	16	50	0	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Malagasy	Malayo-Polynesian	35	0	8.6	0	34.3	0	8.6	5.7	-	0	O=34.3%[5]
Mandinka	Mande (NC)	39	5	3	3	79	8	3	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Masalit	Maban (NS)	32	18.8	3.1	0	0	71.9	0	6.3	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Mossi	Gur (NC)	49	0	2	--	90	2	--	--	--	--	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Namibia(Nama)	Khoikhoi (KS)	11	64	0	0	18	9	0	0	-	0	Wood 2005[1]
Nande	Northeast Bantu (NC)	18	0	0	0	100	0	0	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Niger–Congo[nb 14]	Niger–Congo(NC)	705	2.7	9.6	4.5	68.2	3.9	6.9	0.1	1.4	0	Wood 2005[1]
Nilo-Saharan[nb 15]	Nilo-Saharan	91	12.1	35.2	0	29.7	14.3	8.8	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Nilo-Saharan[nb 16]	Nilo-Saharan	345	23.2	17.4	--	9.9	33.9	2.6	6.1	--	--	See [nb 17]
Nubians	Nubian(NS),Arabic(AA)	39	0	7.7	0	0	23.1	0	43.6	10.3	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Nuba	Nuba (NS)	28	46.4	14.3	0	0	39.3	0	0	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Nuer	Nilotic (NS)	12	33.3	50	0	0	16.7	0	0	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Oromo(Ethiopia)	Cushitic (AA)	78	10.3	1.3	0	-	62.8	1.3	3.8	0	5.1	Hassan 2008[2]
Ouldeme	Chadic (AA)	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	95.5	-	Cruciani2010[11]
Pygmy (Mbuti)	Central Sudanic (NS)	47	2	59	0	34	0	4	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Pygmy(Western)[nb 18]	Niger–Congo(NC)	60	5	53.3	-	28.3	0	-	0	3.3	0	Berniell 2009[4]
Sandawe	Sandawe (tentative/KS)	68	4	14	-	43	34	-	-	-	-	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Senegalese	Niger–Congo(NC)	139	0	0	5.0	81.3	6.5	2.9	0	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Shilluk	Nilotic (NS)	15	53.3	26.7	0	0	20	0	0	0	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Shuwa Arabs	Arabic (AA)	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	40	-	Cruciani2010[11]
Somalis	Cushitic (AA)	201	0.5	1.0	0	1.5	81.1	0.5	3.0	R1a=1	10.4	Sanchez2005[12]
South African Whites	Indo-European	157	0	0	0.6	0.6	9.6	0	3.8	51.6	--	Others=33.8[7]
Sudan(Arabs)[nb 19]	Semitic (AA)	102	2.9	0	0	0	16.7	0	47.1	15.7	0	Hassan 2008[2]
South Sudan(Nilotic)[nb 20]	Nilotic (NS)	81	50.6	24.7	0	0	24.7	0	0	-	0	Hassan 2008[2]
West Sudan(Darfur)[nb 21]	Nilo-Saharan(NS)	90	27.8	2.2	0	0	62.2	0	4.4	-	0	Hassan 2008[2]
Tuareg(Burkina Faso)[nb 22]	Tuareg (AA)	38	-	-	0	16.7	77.8	0	-	0	-	Pereira 2010[13]
Tuareg(Mali)[nb 23]	Tuareg (AA)	21	-	-	0	9.1	90.9	0	-	0	-	Pereira 2010[13]
Tuareg(Niger)[nb 24]	Tuareg (AA)	31	-	-	0	44.4	16.7	0	-	33.3	-	Pereira 2010[13]
Tutsi (Rwanda)	Northeast Bantu (NC)	94	0	15	0	80	1	4	0	0	0	Luis 2004[3]
Wolof	Senegambian(NC)	34	0	0	12.0	68.0	12.0	3.0	0	0	-	Wood 2005[1]
Yoruba	Volta–Niger(NC)	13	0	8	0	92	0	0	0	0	0	Tishkoff 2007[6]
Xhosa	Southern Bantu (NC)	80	5	5	0	54	5	28	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]
Zulu	Southern Bantu (NC)	29	3	20	0	55	0	21	0	0	0	Wood 2005[1]

Contents

   

• 1 See also
• 2 Notes
• 3 References
• 4 External links

See also

• Africa
  • Ethnic groups in Africa
  • African people
  • Languages of Africa
• Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
  • Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations
  • Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of the Caucasus
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations
  • Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in Oceanian populations
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populations
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas

Notes

1. Jump up^ Afroasiatic from: Ethiopia, Cameroon, Egypt, Tunisia.
2. Jump up^ Tanzania: Turu, Mbugwe, Wairak, Sukuma.
3. Jump up^ South Africa: Sotho–Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu.
4. Jump up^ Burkina Faso ethnic groups: Mossi, Rimaibe, Fulbe.
5. Jump up^ Adamawa Cameroon: Fali, Tali, mixed.
6. Jump up^ Chadic Cameroon: Ouldeme, Daba, mixed.
7. Jump up^ Southern Cameroon: Bamileke, Ewondo, Bakaka.
8. Jump up^ RDC: Nande, Hema.
9. Jump up^ Fulbe from Burkina Faso and Cameroon.
10. Jump up^ Ghana: Ewe, Ga, Fante.
11. Jump up^ Calculated by averaging the haplogroup frequencies of the IG-C (Calabar), IG-E (Enugu) and IG-N (Nenwe) Igbo samples (see Table 1) in Table 4.
12. Jump up^ Khoisan: !Kung/Sekele, Tsumkwe San, Dama, Nama.
13. Jump up^ Khoisan from South Africa: Khwe, !Kung, and mixed.
14. Jump up^ Niger–Congo from: Gambia, Senegal, Mali, Ghana, Cameroon, CAR, DRC, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
15. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharan: Alur, Mbuti (R.D.Congo), Massai, Luo (Kenya). Clade was exclusively carried by the Maasai amongst the Nilo-Saharan speakers - Appendix A
16. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharan: 14 populations from R.D.Congo, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Cameroon
17. Jump up^ Nilo-Saharans in Wood 2005, Hassan 2008, Tishkoff 2007 and Cruciani 2002
18. Jump up^ Pygmies: Baka, Bakola.
19. Jump up^ Northern Sudan: Gaalien, Meseria, Arakien.
20. Jump up^ South Sudan: Dinka, Shilluk, Nuer.
21. Jump up^ Western Sudan: Fur, Masalit, Borgu. Clade introduced from North Africa. High frequencies likely due to a population bottleneck.
22. Jump up^ Tgor: Tuareg from Burkina Faso, around the village of Gorom-Gorom.
23. Jump up^ Tgos: Tuareg from Mali, near Gossi.
24. Jump up^ Ttan: Tuareg from Niger, in the vicinity of Tanut.

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Wood, Elizabeth T et al 2005 Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes; also Appendix A
2. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} Hassan, Hisham Y. et al. 2008 Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History
3. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} J. R. Luis et al 2004, The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b Berniell-Lee, Gemma et al 2009 Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b Hurles, Matthew E. et al 2005, The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages
6. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Tishkoff, Sarah A. et al 2007 History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation
7. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Naidoo, Thijessen et al 2010, Development of a single base extension method to resolve Y chromosome haplogroups in sub-Saharan African populations
8. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Cruciani, Fulvio et al 2002, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b Veeramah, Krishna R; et al. (2010). "Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 92. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-92.PMC 2867817. PMID 20356404. Retrieved 2010-09-16. & Supplementary material
10. Jump up^ Moran CN et al 2004, Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners.
11. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Cruciani et al. 2010, Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages
12. Jump up^ Sánchez, Juan J et al 2005, High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males
13. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Pereira, Luísa et al. (2010), Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel &Supplementary Material SM7

External links

• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation