Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2016

The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page.   Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History     Last revision date for this specific page: 30 April 2016

Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the Web. Email Ray Banks if the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

LINKS:  Main Page   Y-DNA Tree Trunk   SNP Index   Papers/Presentations Cited   Glossary   Listing Criteria

SNP SYMBOLS:  Not on 2015 tree  Confirmed within subclade  Investigational items

^ Indicates a next-generation sequencing entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of reads.

^^ Indicates an entry which does not meet quality guidelines but may be helpful.

~ Indicates only an approximate location on the tree.

The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing one in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.

SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup.

Contact People for Haplogroup J: J1 - Victar Mas or J2- Chris Rottensteiner or Bonnie Schrack or Tim Janzen

Links to Experimental Trees:

J1-M267 (Mas), J2-M172 (Rottensteiner), Composite Y (Banks), YFull YTree J.
J   M304/Page16/PF4609, 12f2.1, CTS26/PF4489, CTS687/PF4503, CTS852/PF4504, CTS1033/PF4507, CTS1068/PF4508, CTS1250/PF4510/YSC0001255, CTS1561/PF4534, CTS2042/PF4536, CTS2769/PF4538, CTS3543/PF4540/YSC0001268, CTS3732/PF4541, CTS3872/PF4542, CTS3936/PF4543/YSC0001275, CTS4204/PF4545/YSC0001278, CTS4349/PF4547, CTS4356/PF4548, CTS4937/PF4549, CTS5280/PF4550, CTS5426/PF4552, CTS5545.1/M3163.1/PF4554.1/YSC0001284.1, CTS5628/PF4555, CTS5678/PF4556, CTS5691/PF4557, CTS5934, CTS6958/PF4561, CTS7028/PF4562, CTS7229/PF4563/YSC0001286, CTS7483/PF4565, CTS7565/M5960/PF4566, CTS7738/PF4568, CTS7832/PF4569, CTS8078/PF4570, CTS8160/PF4571, CTS8938/PF4577, CTS8974/PF4578, CTS9533/PF4582, CTS9877/PF4583, CTS10446/PF4586, CTS10858/PF4612, CTS11211/PF4614, CTS11291/PF4615, CTS11571/PF4617, CTS11750/PF4618/YSC0001250, CTS11765/PF4620, CTS11787/PF4621/YSC0001251, CTS12047/YSC0001253, CTS12683/PF4623, CTS12887/PF4624, CTS12913/PF4625, F1167/PF4516/YSC0001296, F1168/PF4517, F1181/PF4518/S35, F1381/PF4520, F1632/YSC0001301, F1633, F1634/PF4523/YSC0001302, F1744/S4968/YSC0001303, F1826, F1973/PF4546/YSC0001304, F2114/PF4551, F2116/PF4553/YSC0000785, F2174/PF4558/YSC0001305, F2390/PF4560, F2502/PF4564, F2707/PF4573, F2746/YSC0001309, F2769/PF4576, F2817/PF4579, F2839/PF4580, F2973/PF4585/YSC0001312, F3074/PF4587/YSC0001313, F3119/PF4588, F3138/PF4590, F3176/PF4592/YSC0001314, F3347/PF4608/YSC0001315, F3358/PF4611/YSC0001316, F4072/PF4509/S34, F4299/PF4589, F4300, FGC1599/S23720/Z7822, FGC1600/Z7805, FGC1601/Z7809, FGC1604/Z7814, FGC1605/Z7807, FGC1606/Z7810, FGC1607/Z7803, FGC1609/Z7816, FGC2789/Z7808, FGC2791/Z7821, FGC3271/S13155/Z7815, FGC7618/Z7811, L60/PF4537/S6, L134/PF4539, L778/PF4616/YSC0000236, M10434/S10188, P209/PF4584, PF4491, PF4492, PF4494, PF4495, PF4497, PF4498, PF4505/YSC0000064, PF4506/YSC0000066, PF4511/YSC0001321, PF4513, PF4515, PF4519, PF4521, PF4524, PF4528, PF4529, PF4530, PF4532, PF4533, PF4535/YSC0000165, PF4567/YSC0000197, PF4572, PF4575, PF4591, PF4593, PF4594, PF4595, PF4596/Z2442, PF4598, PF4602/YSC0001323, PF4603, PF4605, PF4606, PF4607, PF4619/YSC0000239, PF4622, S19861/Z6326, S22619/Z7820, YSC0000228, Z7802, Z7817, Z7818, Z7829, Z7830, Z16989 • J1   L255, L321/PF4646, M267/PF4782 • J1~ A186.2/ZS2136.2, BY2/FGC15178 • • J1a   CTS5368/Z2215 • • • J1a1   M365.1^^ • • • J1a2   L136 • • • • J1a2a   P56 • • • • J1a2b   P58/Page8/PF4698 • • • • • J1a2b1   L92.1, L93.1 • • • • • J1a2b2   L147.1^^ • • • • • J1a2b2~ YSC0000081.1 • • • • • • J1a2b2a   L222.2/S350.2 • • • • • • J1a2b2a~ AD0000002/FGC1714, AD0000003/FGC1696, AD0000004/FGC1713, AD0000005/FGC7, AD0000006/FGC6, AD0000007/FGC5, AD0000008/FGC1, AD0000009/FGC2, AD0000010/FGC3, AD0000011/FGC4, BY145/Z18223, BY241, BY252/ZS3998, BY253/ZS4000, BY254/ZS3999, BY255/ZS4002, BY256/ZS4006, BY257/ZS4007, BY258/ZS4001, BY259, BY260/ZS4005, BY261/ZS4004, BY262/ZS4003, Page52.2 • • • • • • • J1a2b2a1   L65.2/S159.2 • • • • • J1a2b3   L817 • • • • • • J1a2b3a   L818/S4972 • • • • • • • J1a2b3a1   L816 • • • J1a3   CTS15/Z1828 • • • • J1a3a   Z1842 • J2   M172/Page28/PF4908, L228/PF4895/S321 • • J2a   M410, L152, L212/PF4988, L559/PF4986 • • • J2a1   L26/Page55/PF5110/S57, F4326/L27/PF5111/S396 • • • • J2a1a   M47, M322 • • • • J2a1b   M67/PF5137/S51 • • • • • J2a1b1   M92, M260/Page14 • • • • • • J2a1b1a   L556, L560 • • • • • J2a1b2   M166 • • • • • J2a1b3   L210, L218, L227 • • • • J2a1c   M68 • • • • J2a1d   M319 • • • • J2a1e   M339 • • • • J2a1f   M419 • • • • J2a1g   P81/PF4275 • • • • J2a1h   F4168/L24/S286, L207.1 • • • • J2a1h~ BY238.2/FGC30648.2/Y14590.2 • • • • • J2a1h1   M158.2 • • • • • J2a1h2   L25/PF5345/S399 • • • • • • J2a1h2a   DYS445≤7 • • • • • • • J2a1h2a1   L70/PF5434/S287, L397/PF5446, L398/PF5449/S320 • • • • • • • • J2a1h2a1a   M137 • • • • • • • • J2a1h2a1b   M318 • • • • • • J2a1h2b   L243 • • • • • • J2a1h2c   L254 • • • • • • J2a1h2d   L192.2 • • • • • • • J2a1h2d1   L271 • • • • J2a1i   L88.2, L198 • • • J2a2   L581/PF5026/S398 • • • • J2a2a   P279/PF5065 • • • • • J2a2a1   M340 • • J2b   L282, M12, M102, M221, M314/PF4939 • • J2b~ FGC3945.1/Z526.1, L729.3/M2087.3/Z15.3/Z548.3 • • • J2b1   M205 • • • J2b2   M241 • • • • J2b2a   L283 • • • • • J2b2a1   Z1296 • • • • • • J2b2a1a   Z1297, Z1298 • • • • • • • J2b2a1a1   Z631, Z639 • • • • J2b2b~DYS455≤9

Caveats for the information from Karafet et al (2008):

• The M419 mutation was not tested on P81 and P279 chromosomes because of the absence of positive control DNAs.

NOTES:

• King et al (2008) uses the notation of DYS445-6 rather than this tree's DYS445≤7.
• Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and separated by "/". Example: M67/S51.
• DYS413≤18 is in the same subclade as L26/Page55/PF5110/S57.
• The indel 12f2.1 reported in Ewis et al. in 2001 in haplogroup J is too long at 88 base pairs to include here.
• Mutations previously on tree but found so far only in one man or in closely related men:
• L396 is located under J-L70. Listed 8 Mar 2011.
• M99, M280, M321, and P84 are downstream of J-M241. Listed 26 April 2012.
• M327 is downstream of M92, M260/Page14. Listed 27 April 2012.
• L229, L230, L231, L264 and L270.1 are located downstream from L25. Listed 6 August 2012.
• L174.1 is downstream of L147.1. Listed 6 August 2012.
• M62 is downstream from M267. Listed 7 August 2012.
• M390 is downstream from L136. Listed 7 August 2012.
• M367.1, and M368.1 are downstream from P58. Listed 7 August 2012.
• M369 is downstream from P58 and parallel to M367.1. Listed 7 August 2012.
• M163 is downstream of M67. Listed 7 August 2012.
• M289 is downstream of L24 and possibly parallel to M137. Listed 7 August 2012.
• CTS7683/P354/PF5100 is downstream of M410 and upstream from L27. Listed 7 January 2017.

Y-DNA haplogroup J evolved in the ancient Near East and was carried into North Africa, Europe, Central Asia, Pakistan and India. J2 lineages originated in the area known as the Fertile Crescent. The main spread of J2 into the Mediterranean area is thought to have coincided with the expansion of agricultural peoples during the Neolithic period. The timing of the demographic events that brought J2 to Central Asia, Pakistan, and India is not yet known. J1 lineages may have a more southern origin, as they are more often found in the Levant region, other parts of the Near East, and North Africa, with a sparse distribution in the southern Mediterranean flank of Europe, and in Ethiopia.
There is a descending gradient in the frequency of occurrence of haplogroup J from the Middle East toward the northwest of Europe, reaching about 3% of the population on the northwest Atlantic coast. The occurrence of J in Europe is undoubtedly due both to the Neolithic expansion and to episodic migrations, though the relative proportion of those two sources is controversial and may not be the same in different locations.
A significant fraction of Jews belong to haplogroup J, but Jews represent a small minority of the European members of the haplogroup. The "Cohen Modal Haplotype" is a specific set of six Y-STR marker values that occurs in both J1 and J2, though at a much higher frequency in J1.
References:
Adamov et al, Defining a New Rate Constant for Y-Chromosome SNPs basedon Full Sequencing Data, (pdf) The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy (Русская версия), 7(1): 68-89, 2015. Adams et al, The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, American Journal of Human Genetics, 83(6): 725-36, 2008. Alonso et al, The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) European Journal of Human Genetics, 13:1293-1302, 2005. Athey T W, Schrack B E, A New Subclade of Y Haplogroup J2b. (pdf) Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 4(1):27-34, 2008. Balanovsky et al, Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13 May 2011. Behar et al, Contrasting Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host Non-Jewish European Populations. (pdf) Hum Genet 114:354-365, 2004. Behar et al, Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People. Nature, 446:238-42, 2010. Bertoncini et al, The Dual Origin of Tati-speakers from Dagestan as Written in the Genealogy of Uniparental Variants. (abstract) American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 24, Issue 4, pages 391-399, July/August 2012. Biro et al, A Y-Chromosomal Comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139(3): 305-10, 2009. (abstract) Bosch et al, Paternal and Maternal Lineages in the Balkans Show a Homogeneous Landscape over Linguistis Barriers except for the Isolated Aromuns. Annals of Human Genetics, 70:459-87, (2006). Capelli et al, Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective. (pdf) Annals of Human Genetics, 2005. Cinnioglu et al, Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. (pdf) Human Genetics. 114:127-148, 2004. Cruciani et al, A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:1197-1214, 2002. Cruciani et al, Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12. (pdf) Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(6):1300-1311, 2007. Di Giacomo et al, Y Chromosomal Haplogroup J as a Signature of the Post-Neolithic Colonization of Europe. (pdf) Human Genetics, 115:357-371, 2004. El Sibai et al, Geographical Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81, 2009. (abstract) Ewis et al, Two Y-chromosome-specific polymorphisms 12f2 and DFFRY in the Japanese population and their relations to other Y-polymorphisms, The Journal of Medical Investigation, 49(1-2):44-50, 2001. Flores et al, Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome Analysis: Implications for Population Demography. (available by subscription) European Journal of Human Genetics, 12:855-863, 2004. Francalacci et al, Low-Pass DNA Sequencing of 1200 Sardinians Reconstructs European Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. Science: 341(6145):565-569, DOI: 10.1126/science.1237947, 2 August 2013. Francalacci et al, Detection of Phylogenetically Informative Polymorphisms in the Entire Euchromatic Portion of Human Y Chromosome from a Sardinian Sample. BMC Research Notes: 8(174):unpaginated, DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1130-z, 30 April 2015. Hallast et al, The Y-chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades, Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu327, 2014. Herrera et al, Neolithic Patrilineal Signals Indicate that the Armenian Plateau was Repopulated by Agriculturalists. European Journal of Human Genetics, 10.1038/ejhg.2011.192, 2011. Karafet et al, New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract. Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material. Karafet et al, Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 69:615-628, 2001. Karmin et al, A Recent Bottleneck of Y chromosome Diversity Coincides with a Global Change in Culture. Genome Research, doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114, published online March 13, 2015. King et al, The Coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-Chromosome Models of Archaic Greek Colonization of the Western Mediterranean. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11:69, 2011. King et al, Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. Annals of Human Genetics, 2008. Kivisild et al, The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste Populations. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 72:313-332, 2003. Lippold et al, Human Paternal and Maternal Demographic Histories: Insights from High-Resolution Y Chromosome and mtDNA Sequences. Investigative Genetics, 5(13):unpaginated, September 24, 2014. Magoon et al, Generation of High-resolution a priori Y-chromosome Phylogenies Using "Next-generation" Sequencing Data bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/000802, December 13, 2013. Morley, An Experimental Computer-Generated Y-Chromosomal Phylogeny, Leveraging Public Geno 2.0 Results and the Current ISOGG Tree (Internet site) version: February 7, 2014. Myres et al, (2007), Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-concensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405. Croatian Medical Journal, 48, 2007. Nasidze et al, MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) Annals of Human Genetics, 69:401-412, 2005. Nasidze et al, Testing Hypotheses of Language Replacement in the Caucasus: Evidence from the Y-chromosome, Human Genetics 112 (3): 255-61, 2003. Regueiro et al, Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract) Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3, 132-143, 2006. Semino et al, Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 70:265-268, 2002. Semino et al, Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 74:1023-1034, 2004. Sengupta et al, Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists. (pdf) American Journal of Human Genetics, 78:202-221, 2006. Shen et al, Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation. (pdf) Human Mutation, 24:248-260, 2004. Shou et al, Y-Chromosome Distributions among Populations in Northwest China Identify Significant Contribution from Central Asian Pastoralists and Lesser Influence of Western Eurasians. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics, 55: 314-22, 2010. Van Oven et al, Seeing the Wood for the Trees: A Minimal Reference Phylogeny for the Human Y Chromosome. (abstract) Human Mutation, 35(2): 187-91, 2013. DOI: 10.1002/humu.22468. Zalloua et al, Y Chromosome Diversity in Lebanon is Structured by Recent Historical Events. (abstract) The American Journal of Human Genetics, 82(4): 873-882, 28 March 2008. Zhao et al, Presence of Three Different Paternal Lineages among North Indians: A Study of 560 Y Chromosomes. (abstract) Annals of Human Biology, 36(1):46-59, 2009.
Additional Resources:

• ISOGG Wiki - What you need to know about Genetic Genealogy.
• J Project (Bridge Project), Bonnie Schrack, Tim Janzen, Victar Mas, Marco Ricci, Chris Rottensteiner
• J1 Y-DNA Project, Victar Mas, Jaber Al Haddad, Marco Ricci, Peter Hrechdakian, Vitaly Goldberg
• J1* Z2223+ Z1828+ Project, Peter Hrechdakian, Paul Givargidze
• J1c3 (J-L147) Project, Jaber Al Haddad, Victar Mas
• J-YSC0000076 Project, Bennett Greenspan, Judy Simon, Roberto Raciti, Victar Mas
• J-L817 (formerly Bnei Yahya), Vitaly Goldberg, Janet Akaha
• J2-M172 Haplogroup Research (FTDNA Project), Chris Rottensteiner, Angela Cone, Bonnie Schrack, Tim Janzen, Kamal Al-Gazzah, Nader Daou, Robert H. A. Sanders
• J-L24 Project, Ared Aburto, Kamal Al-Gazzah, Tim Janzen, Debra Katz
• J2a-PF5197 Project, Chris Rottensteiner, Mikhail Arzamanov, Bonnie Schrack
• J-M67 Project, Angela Cone, Chris Rottensteiner
• J-M319 Project, David Langton, Joe Langton, John Walden, Nader Daou, Hamid Haronian
• J2b (M102) Project, Roman Sychev

Corrections/Additions made since 1 January 2016:

• Moved AD0000002/FGC1714, AD0000003/FGC1696, AD0000004/FGC1713, AD0000005/FGC7, AD0000006/FGC6, AD0000007/FGC5, AD0000008/FGC1, AD0000009/FGC2, AD0000010/FGC3, AD0000011/FGC4, BY145/Z18223, BY241, BY252/ZS3998, BY253/ZS4000, BY254/ZS3999, BY255/ZS4002, BY256/ZS4006, BY257/ZS4007, BY258/ZS4001, BY259, BY260/ZS4005, BY261/ZS4004, BY262/ZS4003, A186.2/ZS2136.2, BY2/FGC15178, FGC3945.1/Z526.1, L729.3/M2087.3/Z15.3/Z548.3, YSC0000081.1, CTS8127.1/YSC0001289.1, CTS358.1/YSC0001270, Page52.2, BY238.2/FGC30648.2/Y14590.2, DYS455≤9 from SNPs under Investigation to Tree Investigation; moved CTS7683/P354/PF5100 from SNPs under Investigation to Private on 7 January 2016.
• Removed CTS358.1/YSC0001270, CTS8127.1/YSC0001289 from investigation due to unclear mutation information on 13 April 2016.
• Removed S19861/Z6326 not meeting quality guidelines on 30 April 2016.

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