Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas

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Main articles: Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas and Y-chromosome haplogroups by populations

Listed here are notable Indigenous peoples of the Americas by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the fourth column (n) is the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particularhaplogroup.

Group	Language	Place	n	C	Q	R1	Others	Reference
Algonquian[nb 1]	Algic	NortheastNorth America	155	7.7	M3=12.9 (xM3)=20.6	38.1	20.6	Bolnick 2006[1]
Apache	Na-Dené	SW United States	96	14.6	78.1	5.2	2.1	Zegura 2004[2]
Athabaskan[nb 2]	Na-Dené	WesternNorth America	243	11.5	70.4	18.1	--	Malhi 2008[3]
Cherokee	Macro-Siouan	SE United States	62	1.6	M3=32.3 (xM3)=17.7	37.1	11.3	Bolnick 2006[1]
Cherokee	Iroquoian	EasternNorth America	30	0	50.0	46.7	3.3	Malhi 2008[3]
Cheyenne	Algic	United States	44	16	61	16	7	Zegura 2004[2]
Chibchan[nb 3]	Macro-Chibchan	Panama	26	0	100	0	0	Zegura 2004[2]
Chipewyan	Na-Dené	Canada	48	6	M3=6 (xM3)=25	62.5	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Chippewa	Algic	EasternNorth America	97	4.1	M3=8.2 (xM3)=7.2	50.5	29.9	Bolnick 2006[1]
Chippewa	Algic	EasternNorth America	63	0	17.5	79.3	3.2	Malhi 2008[3]
Dogrib	Na-Dené	Canada	15	33	27	40	0	Malhi 2008[3]
Dogrib	Na-Dené	Canada	37	35.1	M3=40.5 (xM3)=5.4	8.1	10.8	Dulik 2012[5]
Gê[nb 4]	Macro-Jê	Brazil	51	0	M3=90 (xM3)=2	8	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Guaraní	Tupian	Paraguay	59	0	M3=79 (xM3)=7	9	5	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Inga	Quechua	Colombia	11	0	M3=11 (xM3)=67	11	11	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Inuit	Eskimo–Aleut	North American Arctic	60	0	80.0	11.7	8.3	Zegura 2004[2]
Inuvialuit	Eskimo–Aleut	Canada	56	1.8	M3=10.7 NWT01=44.6	33.9	8.9	Dulik 2012[5]
Maya	Mayan	Mesoamerica	71	0	87.3	12.7	0	Zegura 2004[2]
Mixe	Mixe–Zoque	Mexico	12	0	100	0	0	Zegura 2004[2]
Mixtec	Oto-Manguean	Mexico	28	0	93	7	0	Zegura 2004[2]
Muskogean[nb 5]	Muskogean	SE United States	36	2.8	M3=50.0 (xM3)=25.0	11.1	11.1	Bolnick 2006[1]
Nahua	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico	17	0	94	0	6	Malhi 2008[3]
Native American	--	United States	398	9.0	58.1	22.2	10.7	Hammer 2005[6]
Navajo	Na-Dené	SW United States	78	1.3	92.3	2.6	3.8	Zegura 2004[2]
North America	--	North America	530	6.0	77.2	12.5	4.3	Zegura 2004[2]
Papago	Uto-Aztecan	SE United States	13	0	61.5	38.5	0	Malhi 2008[3]
Seminole	Muskogean	EasternNorth America	20	0	45.0	50.0	5.0	Malhi 2008[3]
Sioux	Macro-Siouan	Central North America	44	11	25	50	14	Zegura 2004[2]
South America	Amerindian	South America	390	0	M3=83 (xM3)=9	4	4	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Tanana	Na-Dené	NorthwestNorth America	12	42	42	8	8	Zegura 2004[2]
Ticuna	Ticuna–Yuri	WestAmazonia	33	0	M3=89 (xM3)=11	0	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Tlingit	Na-Dené	Pacific Northwest	11	C3*=9 C3b=9	M3=64 MEH2*=9 NWT01=9	0	0	Dulik 2012[5]
Tupí–Guaraní[nb 6]	Tupian	Brazil	54	0	M3=100	0	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Uto-Aztecan[nb 7]	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico,Arizona	167	0	93.4	6.0	--	Malhi 2008[3]
Warao	Warao(isolate)	Caribbean South America	12	0	M3=100	0	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Wayúu	Arawakan	Guajira Peninsula	19	0	M3=48 (xM3)=21	21	10	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Wayúu	Arawakan	Guajira Peninsula	25	8	36	44	12	Zegura 2004[2]
Yagua	Peba–Yaguan	Peru	7	0	M3=86 (xM3)=14	0	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Yukpa	Cariban	Colombia	12	0	M3=100	0	0	Bortoloni 2003[4]
Zapotec	Oto-Manguean	Mexico	16	0	75	6	19	Zegura 2004[2]
Zenú	extinct	Colombia	30	0	M3=33 (xM3)=48	0	19	Bortoloni 2003[4]

See also

	Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
	Indigenous peoples of North America portal
	Aboriginal peoples in Canada portal

• Paleo-Indians
• Recent African origin of modern humans
• Settlement of the Americas
• Y-Chromosome (Paternal) Lineages
  • Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup Q-M346 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup Q-P89.1 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup Q-MEH2 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup Q-NWT01 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup Q-SA01 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup C-P39 (Y-DNA)
  • Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-DNA)
• Most recent common ancestor
  • Mitochondrial Eve
  • Y-chromosomal Adam

Notes

1. Jump up^ Algonquian ethnic groups: Ojibwe, Cheyenne/Arapaho, Shawnee, Mi'kmaq, Kickapoo andMeskwaki.
2. Jump up^ Athabaskan ethnic groups: Chipewyan, Tłı̨chǫ, Tanana, Apache and Navajo.
3. Jump up^ Chibchan ethnic groups: Ngöbe and Kuna peoples.
4. Jump up^ Gê ethnic groups: Gorotire, Kaigang, Kraho, Mekranoti and Xikrin.
5. Jump up^ Muskogean ethnic groups: Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee and Seminole.
6. Jump up^ Tupi–Guarani Brazilian ethnic groups: Asuriní, Parakanã, Ka'apor and Wayampi.
7. Jump up^ Uto-Aztecan ethnic groups: Pima, Tohono O'odham, Tarahumara, Nahua, Cora and Huichol.

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Bolnick, Deborah A. et al 2006, Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America
2. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Zegura, Stephen L. et al 2004, High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
3. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Malhi, Ripan Singh et al 2008, Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History
4. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Bortolini, Maria-Catira et al 2003, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Matthew C. Dulik et al 2012, Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations PNAS May 29, 2012 vol. 109 no. 22
6. Jump up^ Hammer, Michael F. et al 2005, Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases

Further reading

• Peter N. Jones (October 2002). American Indian Mtdna, Y Chromosome Genetic Data, and the Peopling of North America. Bauu Institute. ISBN 978-0-9721349-1-0.

External links

• Y Haplogroups of the World (pdf) - School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation